#眉標=VS2010、Lambda、.NET 4.0
#副標=Visual Studio 2010開發平台(1)
#大標=C#與VB.NET語法的變化
#作者=文／圖 王寧疆


===<反灰>=============
Public Property Owner As String = "John"
'宣告型態String，名稱為Owner，內容值為John的屬性’
==<end>==============



===<反灰>=============
Private _Owner As String = "John" '宣告變數，填入John
Property Owner As String '宣告String，名為Owner 
  Get
    Return _Owner '傳回內容值
  End Get
  Set(ByVal value As String)
    _Owner = value '設定屬性內容值
  End Set
End Property
==<end>==============



===<反灰>=============
Public Property Name As String '定義Name，型態String 
Public Property Owner As String = "John" '定義Owner，型態String，內容值為John的屬性
Public Property Items As New List(Of String) From {"A", "B", "C"} '定義Items，型態為字串集合，內容值分別為A、B、C
Public Property ID As New Guid() '定義ID，內容值為Guid 
==<end>==============



===<反灰>=============
Dim winterMonths = {"December", "January", "February"}
==<end>==============


===<反灰>=============
Dim numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
==<end>==============



===<反灰>=============
Dim JaggedArray = {({0, 1}), ({2, 3, 4}), ({5})}
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
cmd.CommandText = _
  "SELECT * FROM Titles JOIN Publishers " & _
  "ON Publishers.PubId = Titles.PubID " & _
  "WHERE Publishers.State = 'CA'
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
cmd.CommandText = 
  "SELECT * FROM Titles JOIN Publishers " &
  "ON Publishers.PubId = Titles.PubID " &
  "WHERE Publishers.State = 'CA'
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
Dim increment1 = Function(x) x + 1 '定義名increment1的Lambda，負責將參數的內容值加1後傳回
Dim increment2 = Function(x) '定義名increment2的Lambda 
  Return x + 2 '內容值加2後傳回
End Function

'之後程式便可以進行呼叫，就像呼叫一般的程序
Console.WriteLine(increment1(1)) '印出2
Console.WriteLine(increment2(2)) '印出4
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
Dim notNothing = Function(num? As Integer) num IsNot Nothing
==<end>==============



===<反灰>=============
Dim arg As Integer = 14 '宣告為Integer，名稱為arg
Console.WriteLine(notNothing(arg)) '利用名為notNothing的Lambda判斷arg變數是否已經指派過內容值
==<end>==============



======<反灰>=============
int CalculateBMI(int weight, int height)
{
  return (weight * 703) / (height * height);
}
====<end>==============



===<反灰>=============
Console.WriteLine(CalculateBMI(123, 64));
==<end>==============




=====<反灰>=============
Console.WriteLine(CalculateBMI(weight: 123, 
  height: 64));	//傳遞123給名為weight的參數，傳遞64給名稱為height的參數
Console.WriteLine(CalculateBMI(height: 64, 
  weight: 123)); //傳遞123給名稱為weight的參數，傳遞64給名稱為height的參數
====<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
public void ExampleMethod(int required, string optionalstr = "default string",
	int optionalint = 10)
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
dynamic d = 100; //宣告名為d的動態物件並填入100內容值
string s = string.Format("value: {0}, type: {1}", d, d.GetType()); //將d的值和型態寫入到變數s 
MessageBox.Show(s); //顯示s內容值
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
Dim d = 100 '宣告d動態物件並填入100內容值
Dim s As String=String.Format("value:{0},type:{1}",d,d.GetType()) '將d的值和型態寫入到s
MessageBox.Show(s) '顯示s值
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
dynamic d = "Hello";
string s = string.Format("value: {0}, type: {1}", d, d.GetType());
MessageBox.Show(s);

'VB.NET版本
Dim d = "Hello"
Dim s As String = String.Format("value: {0}, type: {1}", d, d.GetType())
MessageBox.Show(s)
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
var excelApp = 
  new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); //建立Excel的物件
excelApp.Workbooks.Add(); //加入新活頁簿
excelApp.Visible = true; //顯示被啟動的Excel

//準備儲存格欲使用的格式
var myFormat = 
  Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlRangeAutoFormat.xlRangeAutoFormatAccounting1;
excelApp.get_Range("A1", "B4").AutoFormat(myFormat, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, 
  Type.Missing, Type.Missing, 
  Type.Missing, Type.Missing); //將A1..B4間的儲存格設定成指定的格式
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
excelApp.Range["A1", "B4"].AutoFormat(
  Format: myFormat); //將A1..B4之間的儲存格設定成指定的格式
==<end>==============




===<反灰>=============
class Base //Base類別
{
public static void PrintBases(IEnumerable<Base> bases) //列印IEnumerable<Base>泛型集合法
  {
   foreach (Base b in bases) //取出bases集合中的元素
    {
     Console.WriteLine(b); //列印元素內容
    }
  }
}

class Derived :Base //衍生自Base類別的Derived 
{
  private int m_Data; //儲存物件內容變數
  public Derived(int i) //建構函式
  {
   m_Data = i;
  }
}

List<Derived> dlist = 
  new List<Derived>() {new Derived(1), new Derived(2)};//建立Derived的泛型集合
Derived.PrintBases(dlist); //透過基底類別的PrintBases列印dlist集合的內容
==<end>==============





===<反灰>=============
abstract class Shape //Shape類別
{
  public abstract double Area { get; } //取得面積的屬性
}

class Circle : Shape //衍生自Shape的Circle
{
  private double r; //存放半徑的變數
  public Circle(double radius) { r = radius; } //建構函式
  public double Radius { get { return r; } } //取得半徑的屬性
  public override double Area { get { return Math.PI * r * r; } } //override取得面積的屬性
}

class ShapeAreaComparer 
  : System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<Shape> //實作IComparer介面的ShapeAreaComparer 
  {
  int IComparer<Shape>.Compare(Shape a, Shape b) //比較Shape物件的大小的方法
  {
    if (a == null) //判斷a物件是否沒有指派內容值
    return b == null ? 0 : -1; //如果b物件沒有指派內容值，則傳回0，否則傳回-1
    return b == null ? 1 : a.Area.CompareTo(b.Area); //如果b物件沒有指派內容值，則傳回1，否則傳回a物件的面積和b物件的面積比較的結果
  }
}

SortedSet<Circle> circlesByArea = 
  new SortedSet<Circle>(new ShapeAreaComparer()) 
  new Circle(7.2), new Circle(100), null, new Circle(.01) }; //建立元素型態為Circle的SortedSet泛型集合，並指定ShapeAreaComparer來比較大小
  foreach (Circle c in circlesByArea) //取出circlesByArea集合中每個Circle
  {
   listBox1.Items.Add(
   c == null ? "null" : "Circle with area " + c.Area); //將Circle面積顯示到ListBox
}
==<end>==============